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Introduction: Sweden, basic facts (the s.c.nordic FAQ)

The home pages for the Usenet newsgroup soc.culture.nordic

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Introduction: Sweden, basic facts

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Sweden
with towns

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Subject: 7.1 Fact Sheet

Name:	Konungariket Sverige
Telephone area code:	46
Area:	449.964 km² / 173.629 sq mi. [ thereof: 237.000 km² designated for reindeer herding ]
Land boundaries:	Norway, Finland
Terrain:	mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; blunt mountains in north and west; large archipelagos on the eastern coast.
Highest mountain:	Kebnekaise, 2,111 m (6,926 ft)
Natural resources:	iron ore, zinc, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower
Population:	8.835.000 (1996)
Population density:	19 persons / km².
Distribution:	83% urban, 17% rural. (1990)
Life expectancy:	males: 76, females: 81 (1995)
Capital:	Stockholm (pop. 693,000; Stockholm's län pop. 1,686,000 [ the metropolitan area])
Other major towns:	Göteborg (Gothenburg 450,000), Malmö (240,000), Uppsala (180,000), Linköping (130,000), Norrköping (120,000)
Flag:	a yellow Nordic cross on blue background.
Type:	constitutional monarchy
Head of state:	King Carl XVI Gustaf
National anthem:	Du gamla, Du fria
Royal anthem:	Kungssången
Languages:	Swedish. (Finnish, Romani and Sámi languages are acknoledged minority languages.)
Currency:	krona (Swedish crown, SEK) for the current exchange rate, see the URL <http://www.dna.lth.se/cgi-bin/kurt/rates>
Climate:	temperate in south with cold winters; sub-arctic in north. Temp. in Stockholm: -5°C - +1°C in Feb., +14°C - +22°C in July.
Religion:	Evangelic-Lutheran (91%) (official state-religion), Lutheran free churches (3%), Islam (2%), Roman Catholic (1.5%), Orthodox (0.7%)
Exports:	machinery, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals, electronics



Subject: 7.2 General information

[ By: Ahrvid Engholm, Johan Olofsson and Antti Lahelma ]

7.2.1 Economy

Sweden's most valuable assets are forests, mines (especially iron, but copper has also been important), and in modern days hydroelectric power. The metallurgic industry was started in the 16th and 17th centuries, and through the ages Sweden has been known as one of the biggest iron exporters in the world. A mechanical industry came with the industrial revolution in the 19th Century, and Swedish products such as steel (Sandvik), paper (SCA and others), cars (Volvo and Saab), ball bearings (SKF), electrical equipment (ASEA, now ABB), telephone equipment (Ericsson), refrigerators (Electrolux) and cameras (Hasselblad) have become well known. Beside cars Saab has also produced computers and aircrafts.

More recently also medical equipment (Gambro), medicine (Pharmacia, Astra), chemical industry (Nobel, AGA) and food-processing equipment (Tetra-Pak, Alfa-Laval) has been developed and marketed by Swedish companies. During the 1980s and 1990s there has been some debate in Sweden over the reasons why new products (as for instance a flat screen for television and computers) has to find foreign companies for investments and marketing.

After particularly good years from World-War II to the early 1970s, Sweden has then seen branch after branch of the industry to lose competitive capacity. Textile industry, skinn industry and shipyards have almost disappeared. During the 1990s the mining industry has went through a period of radical reorganization.

The wide forests are mainly used for production of paper, contributing with about 20% of Sweden's export (some wood export included).

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			*- Is the text above really reliable?* - See the discussion in section 1.2.2!
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The line of flags is modified after a picture at det Åländska skoldatanätet.
This page was last updated March the 29th in the year of 2001.

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